Alex Smith Western Civil

Timeline - 1346-  The strain of  Y. pestis  emerges in Mongolia 1347-  Both sides in the siege are decimated and survivors in Caffa escape by sea, leaving behind streets covered with corpses being fed on by feral animals.   1347-  Another Caffan ship docks in Sicily, the crew barely alive. Here the plague kills half the population and moves to Messina. 1347-  The plague arrives in France, brought by another of the Caffa ships docking in Marseille. 1348-  A different plague strain enters Europe through Genoa, brought by another Caffan ship that docks there. 1348-  The plague awakes an anti-Semitic rage around Europe, causing repeated massacres of Jewish communities. 1348- The plague enters England 1348-  The plague hits Marseille, Paris, and Normandy, and then the strain splits, with one strain moving onto the now-Belgian city of Tournai to the east and the other passing through Calais. and Avignon, where 50 percent of the...

• I Cant Open up the Study Guide - Avignon- C ity in France. Popes would live there for the next 69 years. • Great Schism-  known as the event when the split in the church began. Eventually forced three popes to resign. Left the papacy greatly weakened. • John Wycliffe-  Englishman who preached that Jesus Christ, not the pope, was the true head of the church. Believed that the clergy should own no land or wealth. Taught that the bible alone was the final authority for Christian life. • Jan Hus- The  professor in Bohemia, who taught that the authority of the bible was higher than that of the pope. was excommunicated in 1412. was seized by church leaders. tried as a heretic. burned at the stake. • bubonic plague- A  deadly disease that spread across Asia and Europe in the mid-14th century, killing millions of people. • Hundred Years’ War- A  deadly disease that spread across Asia and Europe in the mid-14th century, killing millions of people. • Joa...

 • How did this event affect the course of English history? William wins and unifies control of the lands and laid the foundation for centralized government. - How did Henry II strengthen England’s legal system?-  introduced to use of a jury; common law -  How did Philip strengthen the central government in France?- H e established royal officials called bailiffs; sent bailiffs to every French district to preside of King's court and collect taxes. - Why is this document so important?- I t grants certain basic legal/political rights and it guaranteed what are now considered basic legal rights in the US - How did Louis strengthen the monarchy while weakening feudal ties?- C reated a French appeals court that could overturn the decisions of local courts - How was this meeting a major step toward a democratic government?- S erve as a model for later kings and contained commoners; weakened the great lord's power and had a check on royal power - William the Co...

• I couldn't get into the reading guide - three-field system-  A system of farming developed in medieval Europe, in which farmland was divided into three fields of equal size, and each of these was successively planted with a winter crop, planted with a spring crop, and left unplanted. • guild-  A medieval association of people working at the same occupation, which controlled its members' wages and prices. • Commercial Revolution-  The expansion of trade and business that transformed European economies during the 16th and 17th centuries. • burgher-  A medieval merchant-class town dweller. • vernacular-  The everyday language of people in a region or country. • Thomas Aquinas-  A scholar who argued that the most basic religious truths could be proved by logical argument. He wrote the Summa Theologicae, which was influenced by Aristotle, combined Ancient Greek thought with the Christian thought of his time. • scholastics-  Scholars who gat...

1. The Benedictine monastery was founded-  The reformers there wanted to return to the basic principles of the Christian religion.  2. The power of the pope was extended at Cluny-  In the 1100s and 1200s, the Church was restructured to resemble a kingdom, with the pope at its head. 3.  Nearly 500 gothic cathedrals were built and decorated between 1170 and 1270-  Unlike the heavy, gloomy Romanesque buildings, Gothic cathedrals thrust upward as if reaching toward heaven. 4.  The Byzantine emperor appealed to the Court of Flanders for help.-  The emperor asked for help against the Muslim Turks. 5.  Pope Urban II issued a call for a Crusade-  Shortly after this appeal, he issued a call for what he termed a "holy war," a Crusade, to gain control of the Holy Land. 6.  There was an outpouring of support for the First Crusade-  Pope Urban's call brought a tremendous outpouring of religious feeling and support for the Crusade. 7....

- Otto invades Italy on pope’s behalf.- Cause-  Following Charlemagne's footsteps Outcomes-  Otto was rewarded by being crowned emperor. -  Pope Gregory bans lay investiture?- Causes-   The church began to resent the control that kings exercised over clergy and their offices.  Church reformers felt that bishops should not be under the power of any king. Outcomes-  Henry IV immediately called a meeting of Germany Bishops he appointed.  Sent a letter to Gregory- called him a false monk and ordered him to step down. Gregory excommunicated Henry IV. German bishops sided with Pope. - Henry IV travels to Canossa? Causes-  Tired to win the Pope's forgiveness. Outcomes-  Henry waited in snow for 3 days.  Henry's ex-communication ended. Henry rushed home and punished nobles who rebelled against him. -  Representatives of Church and emperor meet in Worms?- Causes-  Gregory and Henry's successors fought over lay investiture...

•  Knight in Feudal Society Education-  devoted lives to war-no time for learning Weapons-  leather saddles and stirrups kept soldiers from falling off, so they could carry heavier weapons. Wealth from fiefs meant knights could afford weapons, armor, and horses War games-  leather saddles and stirrups kept soldiers from falling off, so they could carry heavier weapons. Wealth from fiefs meant knights could afford weapons, armor, and horses Code of chivalry-   moral system which went beyond rules of combat and introduced the concept of  Chivalrous  conduct qualities by the Medieval knights such as bravery, courtesy, honor, and great gallantry toward women. Castle life- lived inside castle walls, lord demanded 40 days of combat per year. Past time was training for war by wrestling and hunting Love-  d uty to his lady as important as the duty to lord chivalry-  A code of behavior that demanded a knight fight bravely in defe...

lord-  in feudal Europe, a person who controlled land and could, therefore, grant estates to vassals.  • fief-  an estate granted to a vessel by a lord under the feudal system in medieval Europe.  • vassal-  in feudal Europe, a person who received a grant of land from a lord in exchange for a pledge of loyalty and services.  • knight-  in medieval Europe, and armored warrior who fought on horseback.  • serf-  a medieval Peasant legally bound to live on a lord's estate manor  • tithe-  an estate granted to a vessel by a lord under the feudal system in medieval Europe. 2. What is the main reason feudalism developed? Explain-  Treaty of Verdun broke up the kingdom. Political turmoil and constant turmoil led to  feudalism . Invaders attacked, the king could not protect them so they turned to local leaders who could fight the invaders. MAIN IDEAS 3. What groups invaded Europe in the 800s?-  The Muslims, M...