Alex Smith Western Civil

republic-  a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.  patrician- In  ancient Rome, a member of the wealthy, privileged upper class.  plebeian-  In ancient Rome, one of the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up most of the population.  tribune-  an official in ancient Rome chosen by the plebeians to protect their interests.  consul-  an official appointed by a government to live in a foreign city and protect and promote the government's citizens and interests there.  senate-  the state council of the ancient Roman republic and empire, which shared legislative power with the popular assemblies, administration with the magistrates, and judicial power with the knights. dictator-  a ruler with total power over a country, typically one who has obtained control by force.  legion-  ...

Hellenistic-  relating to Greek history, language, and culture from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony by Octavian in 31 BC. Alexandria-  Alexandria  was the intellectual and cultural center of the ancient Mediterranean world for much of the Hellenistic age and late antiquity Euclid-  Euclid, sometimes called Euclid of Alexandria to distinguish him from Euclid of Megara, was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the "founder of geometry" or the "father of geometry". Archimedes-  Archimedes of Syracuse was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity. Colossus of Rhodes-  The  Colossus of Rhodes  was a gigantic 33-meter-high statue of the sun god  Helios  which stood by the harbor of that  city  from c. 280 BCE, one of the most important...

What was the situation in Athens in 508 BC?  Athens  became one of the first societies in ancient times to establish democracy.  What class did Cleisthenes come from and what kind of power did this group exercise over Athenians?  He brought up to be a ruler,  born in 570 B.C., he was an aristocrat which was the ruling class  aristocrats ruled Athens How did Aristotle describe life for most Athenians in the 6 th century BC?  The country was in the hands of a few people, which was better,  no reading and writing,  common people had no say,  often injustice Where were the great civilizations in Cleisthenes day and how was Greece geographically different than these? They had many mountains and small islands south  and east to Egypt and Persia,  divided into independent "city-states"   What Greek city seemed the most likely to dominate all others politically during Cleisthenes's lifetime?...

- How did Pericles strengthen democracy?-  increased number of paid public officials and started direct democracy - What steps did Pericles take to strengthen the empire and glorify Athens?-  Pericles used money from the Delian League treasury to make the Athenian navy the strongest. To glorify Athens he also used money from the Delian league to buy gold, ivory, and marble. - What themes were common in Greek tragedy?-  Love, hate, war, and betrayal were  common in Greek tragedy.  - What do the themes of Greek comedies suggest about the men and women of Athens?-  Showed freedom of democratic Athens, made fun of politics, respected people and ideas of the time and that women had more power over men - What was Plato’s vision of the ideal society?-  Not a democracy,3 groups: farmers, artisans, Warriors, and the ruling class - What is the philosophic legacy of Aristotle?-  questioned the nature of the world and human belief,...

Polis- a Greek city-state  Acropolis- a fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city Monarchy- a government in which power is in the hands of a single person Aristocracy- a government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or wealthy nobles Oligarchy- a government in which power is in the hands of a few people- wealthy, powerful leaders who combine with each other Tyrant- in ancient Greece, a powerful individual who gained control of a city-state's government by appealing to the poor for support and corrupts the government because of greed Democracy- a government-controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representatives Helot- In the society of ancient Sparta, a peasant bound to the land Phalanx- a military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields   Persian Wars- a series of wars in the fifth century BC in which Greek city-states battled the Persian Empire 3. How does an aristocracy differ from an oligarchy?...