Western Civ

 • How did this event affect the course of English history? William wins and unifies control of the lands and laid the foundation for centralized government.

- How did Henry II strengthen England’s legal system?- introduced to use of a jury; common law

- How did Philip strengthen the central government in France?- He established royal officials called bailiffs; sent bailiffs to every French district to preside of King's court and collect taxes.

- Why is this document so important?- It grants certain basic legal/political rights and it guaranteed what are now considered basic legal rights in the US

- How did Louis strengthen the monarchy while weakening feudal ties?- Created a French appeals court that could overturn the decisions of local courts

- How was this meeting a major step toward a democratic government?- Serve as a model for later kings and contained commoners; weakened the great lord's power and had a check on royal power

- William the Conqueror- Duke of Normandy who invaded England in 1066 and claimed the English crown

 • Henry II- 12th-century English king who made important changes such as the introduction of the jury system

 • common law- A legal system based on custom and court rulings

 • Magna Carta- The royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215

 • parliament- A body of representatives that makes laws for a nation

 • Hugh Capet- He was the king of France elected in 987 and founding the Capetian dynasty (940-996). He succeeded the Carolingians; his descendants, known as the Capetian kings, used their power and resources to systematically consolidate and expand their power

 • Philip II- King of Spain from 1556 to 1598. The absolute monarch who helped lead the Counter-Reformation by persecuting Protestants in his holdings. He also sent the Spanish Armada against England.

 • Estates-General- France's traditional national assembly with representatives of the three estates, or classes, in French society: the clergy, nobility, and commoners. The calling of the Estates-General in 1789 led to the French Revolution.

2. Which of the steps toward democratic government are similar to U.S. practices?
Explain.- 1. Common law, the formation of the legislature, elections

MAIN IDEAS
3. What two legal practices date back to Henry II?- Juries and common law
4. What are some basic rights guaranteed by the Magna Carta?- Everyone will pay taxes, everyone gets a trial by jury and protection of the law
5. Why did Philip II call the Estates-General together?- To win wider support against the pope